Saturday, 26 April 2008

SIFE, AKADEP Aid Rural Agriculture

This month, Ikpe Annang community received the blessings of the University of Uyo's Students In Free Enterprise (UNIUYO SIFE) in collaboration with Akwa Ibom Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) courtesy of Akwamfon Sustainable Agriculture and Community Education Initiative (ASACEI). It was a well attended seminar with men, women and the youth, farming Cooperative Society and Youth Association from the village and 5 surrounding villages in attendance. The theme of the seminar was Agriculture as a Business. Experts on crop and animal production from AKADEP were the resource persons who spoke at the seminar, while SIFE Academic Advisor moderated. The news is that for us that was the first time government came to our village for such a programme. The seminar was very revealing and rewarding to both ASACEI farm and the community at last. Farmers were taught how to profit withal thru good farm practices like timeliness of operations, use of improved varieties of stocks, combination of organic and inorganic manures to get the best result, type of crops to plant in tandem with market demand to maximize profit, and advantages of organic manures (OM) over inorganic fertilizers (IOF). According to the speaker, while IOF releases nutrients to the crops at once, OM does it gradually and also improves the soil structure with its lasting effect on the soil. On animal husbandry, farmers were introduced to keeping of grass gutter which we describe as bush meat, and other cash yielding animals, and how best to rear and make them environmentally friendly. For us in ASACEI business it was open research as what we would spend much money for and travel long distances to get were brought to our door step. For example, Akwamfon Sustainable Community Association (ASCA) was advised to register with AKADEP who would link ASACEI farm to major markets. We were also informed that there is soil lime to control soil acidity and how we can procure it. Other useful advice include, how to order for improved varieties and high yielding stocks, as well as advice on dry season farming of fluted pumpkins and vegetable crops generally scarce and always very costly in dry season. The SIFE AKADEP team was able to contend with the many brainstorming and thought provoking questions they fielded from the farmers. However they had to take some questions home with a promise that they would be handled by experts in areas other than theirs.
In his welcome address, the ASACEI Project Manager requested that an Extension Agent be posted by AKADEP to reside in the village to serve the community and that government should not only procure IOF and sell to the farmers at low prices but should make effort to advise farmers against indiscriminate use of chemicals whose side effect can kill the soil rather. In its place he demanded government to procure poultry droppings and sell to farmers to cushion the effect of IOF on the soil. We were surprised at the Officer's reply that there was an Extension Agent already posted to serve our community. Suprised because we have not seen such person. We were to be told who he was so that he be made to serve us. Apart from helping farmers in their farms, the Agents are to collect problems from farmers to AKADEP and bring solutions from it to farmers. SIFE requested interested farmers to register the types of crops and animals stocks they needed for it to procure improved varieties for them. For SIFE, it was time for action and no more preaching, hence, on procurement of stocks, they would bring back AKADEP to demonstrate to farmers how to plant crops and keep livestock of farmers' choice the best way. Is there any success story or have participants learnt any lesson from the seminar? For answers to these questions and more, don’t miss subsequent blogs.

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Blogger KLH said...

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Workshops in organic, no-till, permanent bed gardening, mini-farming and mini-ranching,
using bucket drip irrigation, worldwide, in English & Español


Proven Practices for Farming

The solution to world hunger is teaching the farmers to farm profitably and sell locally. There is a grassroots movement, around the world, for families and groups to produce their own food due to cost, flavor and chemical contamination. "There's this belief that in order to stop poverty, we have to find ways to get people to stop being farmers. What we need to do is find ways to stop them from being poor farmers." Amy Smith, MIT

These are based on the internet, US & international agriculture magazines, experiences teaching agriculture in many countries, research data and farmer experiences in those countries and a demonstration garden. They are ecologically sustainable, environmentally responsible, socially just and economically viable. There is unlimited, documented proof. There are 90,000,000 no-till hectares worldwide.

Fukaoka Farm, Japan, has been no-till [rice, small grains, vegetables] for 70 years. At the time of my visits, an Indian farmer has been no-till [vegetables] for 5 years, a Malawi farmer has been no-till [vegetables] on permanent beds for 25 years and a Honduras farmer has been no-till [vegetables & fruit] on permanent beds on the contour (73° slope] for 8 years. Ruth Stout [USA] had a no-till garden for 30 years and 7,000 people visited her garden. Free DVD available.

No technique yet devised by man has been anywhere near as effective at halting soil erosion and making food production truly sustainable as 0-tillage (Baker)


1. Restore the soil to its natural health. Contamination: inorganic pesticides, insecticides & fertilizers
2. Maintain the healthy soil. Healthy soil produces healthy crops with highest yields and prevents most disease, pest, weed and erosion problems.
3. Increase the soil’s organic matter every year.
4. Little or no external inputs [It is not necessary to buy anything, from anybody.]
5. Leave crop residue on top of soil. No burning. You are burning up fertilizer. Do not plow it into the soil.
6. Plant green manure/cover crops to increase the soil organic matter. Seeds are available in every country.
7. Plant the new crop in the crop residue by opening up a row or a place for the seed.
8. Plant every field every year [no fallow land]
9. 0-tillage: no plowing, no digging, no cultivating. No hard physical labor required so children and the elderly can farm easily. After two or three years the yields can double while reducing the labor by half compared to traditional farming. Farmers farm ten acres alone using hand tools only [Honduras]
10. Tree crops: fruit, nuts, coffee [shade-grown], etc. Use perennial cover crops
11. Permanent paths [walking]
12. Permanent beds. They were used 2000 BC in Guatemala, Mexico and many other coun-tries. 15-25% of the land is in paths and that saves 15-25% of the seed, water and labor but yields will be higher.
13. Hand tools: machete, weed cutter, seeding hoe. Local blacksmith should make them.
14. Soil always covered. Never leave the soil bare.
15. No compost making. Use the organic matter for mulch. If there is an excess, pile it up and use later.
16. Vermiculture: Not necessary; too much labor. Do it in the soil in the fields.
17. SRI - system of rice intensification. Double yields, reduces water requirements by 50% and reduces labor.
18. SRI for other crops: sugar cane, finger millet, cotton, wheat, mustard.
19. Bucket drip irrigation should be used during the dry season and in areas of low rainfall: Imported bucket drip kits are US$15. A bucket drip line can be made locally from poly tubing [US$3, Nicaragua]. One will irrigate a row of crops 33 meters long using only 20 liters of water per day. A dripline can be moved to irrigate several rows per day. Water can be from a stream, pond or well. A drip kit returns $20 per month to the farmer [FAO study].

Ken Hargesheimer minifarms@gmail.com


When Soil is Plowed
Dr. Elaine Ingham, describes an undisturbed grassland—where a wide diversity of plants grow, their roots mingling with a wide diversity of soil organisms—and how it changes when it is plowed. [The same is true of a jungle, rainforest, forest, etc]
A typical teaspoon of native grassland soil contains between 600 million and 800 million individual bacteria that are members of perhaps 10,000 species. Several miles of fungi are in that teaspoon of soil, as well as 10,000 individual protozoa. There are 20 to 30 beneficial nematodes from as many as 100 species. Root-feeding nematodes are quite scarce in truly healthy soils. They are present, but in numbers so low that it is rare to find them.
After only one plowing, a few species of bacteria and fungi disappear because the food they need is no longer put back in the system. But for the most part, all the suppressive organisms, all the nutrient cyclers, all the decomposers, all the soil organisms that rebuild good soil structure are still present and trying to do their jobs.
But tillage continues to deplete soil organic matter and kill fungi. The larger predators are crushed, their homes destroyed. The bacteria go through a bloom and blow off huge amounts of that savings-account organic matter. With continued tillage, the "policemen" (organisms) that compete with and inhibit disease are lost. The "architects" that build soil aggregates are lost. So are the "engineers"—the larger organisms that design and form the larger pores in soil. The predators that keep bacteria, fungi, and root-feeding organisms in check are lost. Disease suppression declines, soil structure erodes, and water infiltration decreases because mineral crusts form. Dr. Elaine Ingham, BioCycle, December 1998. (From ATTRA News, July 06)

Form a chapter of the FUTURE ORGANIC FARMERS OF [your country]. Email minifarms@gmail.com for more information.

3 December 2008 17:40  

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